Lodi Arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis)

The Arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis) grows in coastal areas (near permanent freshwater sources). Instead of responding to summer drought, they shed their leaves in response to shorter winter days. Willow earrings appear in front of the leaves, and male and female flowers bloom on various plants. The pollinating kitten is yellow (“yellow = male”) and the seed-raising kitten is green (“green = girl”). Unlike most cat plants, willows are primarily pollinated by insects.

The willow was very important to Kumeya. Many willows are a source of fresh water and make a variety of everyday items from branches, twigs, leaves and bark. The leaves and bark of willow trees contain a compound (salicin), which is the active ingredient in aspirin. Added to tea to relieve pain and fever.

Iva Arroyo is a large shrub or small widespread tree with several trunks, usually less than 10 feet tall. There are a lot of leaves in winter, but the leaves remain all year round. Arroyoyanagi needs a permanent source of fresh water along the coast. They often form dense vegetation where there is shallow groundwater or leaks.

The leaves are rectangular, usually less than 6 inches long and 1 inch wide. Ripe leaves are often stretched. The ends of the leaves are narrow or wide and pointed. The edges of the leaves are smooth or shallow, with irregular teeth or jagged edges. The leaves are light green above and thin below due to the waxy particles and short white hairs.

Human use

The willow was important to Kumeyais. The living willow pointed to the fountain of fresh water. The flexible branches were bent to form a support for the dome house (“evaa”). The leaves formed the thatched roof of the fleet. The twigs and leaves supported the basket and blocked the insects from the seeds inside. The bark was struck by elastic sheets for clothing and inventory. Willow leaves and bark contain compounds very similar to aspirin (salicin). The leaves have been added to the tea to relieve pain and heat.

The analgesic properties of willow (and related species of the genus Spiraea) were recognized before the Greeks. The pure form of the active ingredient, salicylic acid (a derivative of salicin), causes severe stomach pain, and it was in 1915 that Bayer in Germany developed a compound of salicylic acid that did not not upset the stomach. Aspirin was a trade name. The word comes from the common German word-en, which ends with acetyl chloride, buffer salts, spirea, plant source of salicylic acid, and drugs. Bayer lost the patent for this brand (and heroin brand) under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I.

Interesting facts

Many insects use willows, making them an excellent habitat for insectivorous songbirds. Invasions of butterfly-colored caterpillars sometimes occur in the willows of the Nature Center 53. Iva Arroyo is the habitat of Admiral Rokin, Mourning Veil, and Western Tiger Swallowtail.

Among the most interesting insects are some pathogens of plant bile. Each insect stimulates the growth of plants (bile) around its eggs and larvae. These Gauls serve as food and shelter for growing insects. Many other insects learned to attack the Gauls and to attack or compete with the induced species.

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